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- SECTION IV
-
- BLEEDING
-
-
-
- Major bleeding may be a life-threatening condition
- requiring immediate attention. Bleeding may be
- external or internal. Bleeding may be from an
- ARTERY, a major blood vessel which carries
- oxygen-rich blood from the heart throughout the
- body. It may be from a VEIN, which carries blood
- back to the heart to be oxygenated or bleeding may
- be from a CAPILLARY, the smallest of our body's
- blood vessels.
-
-
- ARTERIAL bleeding is characterized by spurts with
- each beat of the heart, is bright red in color
- (although blood darkens when it meets the air) and
- is usually severe and hard to control. ARTERIAL
- bleeding requires immediate attention!
-
-
- VENUS bleeding is characterized by a steady flow and
- the blood is dark, almost maroon in shade. Venus
- bleeding is easier to control than Arterial
- bleeding.
-
-
- CAPILLARY bleeding is usually slow, oozing in nature
- and this type of bleeding usually has a higher risk
- of infection than other types of bleeding.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- FIRST AID FOR BLEEDING IS INTENDED TO:
-
-
- l. STOP THE BLEEDING
-
-
- 2. PREVENT INFECTION
-
-
- 3. PREVENT SHOCK
-
-
-
-
-
- HOW TO CONTROL BLEEDING:
-
-
-
- 1. APPLY DIRECT PRESSURE ON THE WOUND. USE A DRESSING,
- IF AVAILABLE. IF A DRESSING IS NOT AVAILABLE, USE A
- RAG, TOWEL, PIECE OF CLOTHING OR YOUR HAND ALONE.
-
-
- IMPORTANT:
-
- ONCE PRESSURE IS APPLIED, KEEP IT IN PLACE. IF
-
- DRESSINGS BECOME SOAKED WITH BLOOD, APPLY NEW
-
- DRESSINGS OVER THE OLD DRESSINGS. THE LESS A
-
- BLEEDING WOUND IS DISTURBED,THE EASIER IT WILL BE TO
-
- STOP THE BLEEDING!
-
-
-
- 2. IF BLEEDING CONTINUES, AND YOU DO NOT SUSPECT A
- FRACTURE, ELEVATE THE WOUND ABOVE THE LEVEL OF THE
- HEART AND CONTINUE TO APPLY DIRECT PRESSURE.
-
-
-
- 3. IF THE BLEEDING STILL CANNOT BE CONTROLLED, THE NEXT
- STEP IS TO APPLY PRESSURE AT A PRESSURE POINT. FOR
- WOUNDS OF THE ARMS OR HANDS, PRESSURE POINTS ARE
- LOCATED ON THE INSIDE OF THE WRIST ( RADIAL
- ARTERY-WHERE A PULSE IS CHECKED) OR ON THE INSIDE OF
- THE UPPER ARM (BRACHIAL ARTERY). FOR WOUNDS OF THE
- LEGS, THE PRESSURE POINT IS AT THE CREASE IN THE
- GROIN (FEMORAL ARTERY). STEPS 1 AND 2 SHOULD BE
- CONTINUED WITH USE OF THE PRESSURE POINTS.
-
-
-
- 4. THE FINAL STEP TO CONTROL BLEEDING IS TO APPLY A
- PRESSURE BANDAGE OVER THE WOUND. NOTE THE
- DISTINCTION BETWEEN A DRESSING AND A BANDAGE. A
- DRESSING MAY BE A GAUZE SQUARE APPLIED DIRECTLY TO
- A WOUND, WHILE A BANDAGE, SUCH AS ROLL GAUZE, IS
- USED TO HOLD A DRESSING IN PLACE. PRESSURE SHOULD BE
- USED IN APPLYING THE BANDAGE. AFTER THE BANDAGE IS
- IN PLACE, IT IS IMPORTANT TO CHECK THE PULSE TO MAKE
- SURE CIRCULATION IS NOT INTERRUPTED.
-
- A SLOW PULSE RATE, OR BLUISH FINGERTIPS OR TOES,
- SIGNAL A BANDAGE MAY BE IMPEDING CIRCULATION.
-
- SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF INTERNAL BLEEDING ARE:
-
-
-
- * BRUISED,SWOLLEN, TENDER OR RIGID ABDOMEN
-
-
- * BRUISES ON CHEST OR SIGNS OF FRACTURED RIBS
-
-
- * BLOOD IN VOMIT
-
-
- * WOUNDS THAT HAVE PENETRATED THE CHEST OR ABDOMEN
-
-
- * BLEEDING FROM THE RECTUM OR VAGINA
-
-
- * ABNORMAL PULSE AND DIFFICULTY BREATHING
-
-
- * COOL, MOIST SKIN
-
-
-
- FIRST AID IN THE FIELD FOR INTERNAL BLEEDING IS
- LIMITED. IF THE INJURY APPEARS TO BE A SIMPLE
- BRUISE, APPLY COLD PACKS TO SLOW BLEEDING, RELIEVE
- PAIN AND REDUCE SWELLING. IF YOU SUSPECT MORE
- SEVERE INTERNAL BLEEDING, CAREFULLY MONITOR THE
- PATIENT AND BE PREPARED TO ADMINISTER CPR IF
- REQUIRED (AND YOU ARE TRAINED TO DO SO). YOU SHOULD
- ALSO REASSURE THE VICTIM, CONTROL EXTERNAL
- BLEEDING, CARE FOR SHOCK (COVERED IN NEXT SECTION),
- LOOSEN TIGHT-FITTING CLOTHING AND PLACE VICTIM ON
- SIDE SO FLUIDS CAN DRAIN FROM THE MOUTH.
-
-
-
-
- ***